ࡱ> \^[3 l=jbjb^^ h<h<l7lLLLLLLLXXXXX dX LLLLLLLLZ \ \ \ \ \ \ ,  b LLLLLL `LLLLL```L LLLLZ ``||LLLLLZ ``Z LLZ \+극XXV Z Z Z ` Z `QUARKXPRESS MODULE ONE Chapter one of textbook OBJECTIVES: UNDERSTANDING THE COMPONENTS THAT COMPRISE THE ELECTRONIC DOCUMENT BECOMING FAMILIAR WITH THE QUARKXPRESS ENVIROMENT USING GUIDES, MARGINS AND RULERS TO PRECISLY ALIGN ELEMENTS CONCERNS: Add the 3 letter extensions so that while cross-platforming the file can be identified. Student files that come with the CD are an integral part of the course Create folders to place your practice files The course is designed to provide you with professional insight into the software while allowing for inclass practice and exercises. CONCEPT TO MECHANICAL: Traditionally the design and layout were created using hand done thumbnails. Instructions were passed on to the printer and the mechanics were completed under the direct supervision of the artist. Hand done thumbnails are still the best method to creating layout designs. The transition from thumbnail to mechanical must lay the groundwork for the entire piece and answer questions such as: Trim size of the finished piece Is there more than one page and will they be facing each other What are the margins and gutter widths How many columns will the document have Are there any bleeds Note: when working with bleeds, the colour must extend beyond the trim area to ensure that the bleed will go all the way to the edge. What will the typefaces be Picture elements and how they will be cropped Colour breaks How the page will be balanced Remember: the computer is an efficient production tool but not necessarily a good design tool. THUMBNAILS: Small sketches that define the basis of the design. Helps to work out positioning and the rough layout of the piece COMPOSITIONS OR COMPS: The interim stage between thumbnails and mechanicals The comp usually contains: The font to be used the size it will be used May contain real text or greeking text which is nonsense text used for layout design purposes only. The images may be low resolution images used for position only (FPO) Or may be images used from a stock photo that is similar to the intended image. Stock Photo: photographs that are sold on CD that are copyright free and can be used by the general population. PURPOSE OF COMPS: To test the thumbnail to see if the design will hold up before investing the time and money into the production of the piece. ELECTRONIC MECHANICAL: What will be sent to the press. Images and text can be changed at any time up to the point where the document is sent to press. COMPONENTS OF THE ELECTRONIC DOCUMENT: DESIGN: consider the typeface and graphic elements to be included TYPEFACES: Measured vertically in points The size of the typeface is determined by the height from the highest ascender such as b d h f l to the lowest descender g j p q etc. plus an additional space above the ascender called the body clearance. The width of a typeface is measured as em space Traditionally an em = the point size so that a 12pt. Font would measure a 12pt em. Originally based upon the M of a typeface. QuarkXpress by default calculates the width of the em by the width of two zeros for that particular typeface and point size. You can change the default to the typographic standard of equal to the point size if you wish. The individual widths and spacing are measured in fractions of ems. TYPE FAMILIES: The various weights and styles available within a font family ie: Times, Times Italic, Times Bold, Times Bold Italic and so on. Serifs: the small horizonal lines at the base of some text Sans Serif: without serifs. TYPOGRAPHIC MEASUREMENTS: Type is generally measured in points POINT: a point = 1/72 TEXT FONTS: used primarily for reading DISPLAY FONTS: used primarily for headings and subheadings PICAS: larger than points and used to measure dimensions, column widths and line length 6 picas = 1 inch 12 points = 1 pica 72 points = 1 inch USE OF SPACE: LEADING: Vertical space between two lines of text In the past, when typing you use an extra return between paragraphs to separate them. When using QuarkXpress, professional typesetters and designers use Space Before and Space After To get very precise space between paragraphs FIRST LINE INDENTS: Indents the first line of a paragraph by a specific amount. They can be used in conjunction with Space Before and Space After or in place of them. TRACKING AND KERNING: Controls the amount of space between letters of a document. TRACKING: Adjusts the space between a selection of text KERNING: Adjusts the space between two letters Note: parallel letters are place closer together and curved letters further apart to give a visual illusion that the letters are spaced evenly. Tracking and Kerning can be set to automatic or can be done manually through the measurements toolbar. Note: newer software builds in kerning capabilities in its program. JUSTIFYING TEXT: Text can be Centered Left aligned also called flush left or ragged right Justified even on both sides ie: newspaper columns. Note: The problem with justifying text is that when used with very short sentences, the text will be spread abnormally far apart to fill the width of the column and can make reading the text difficult. OK for newspaper but must be careful when designing documents. ABOUT QUARKXPRESS: Page layout program designed to bring together all elements of a piece to create a finished document. Although text can be manipulated in QuarkXPress and illustrations can be created there as well, both these elements should be created in the appropriate software such as Micosoft Word or Illustrator and then imported into the Quark document. QUARKXPRESS ENVIROMENT: All elements are either contained in a text box or a picture box Text is contained in text boxes Images are contained in picture boxes Note: exceptions are text paths. LAUNCH QUARKXPRESS: Open it from the Apple Drop Down Menu Open it from Hard Drive Applications CREATING A DOCUMENT: Under the FILE MENU choose New Document DIALOGUE BOX: Set the document size and orientation ORIENTATION: Choice of two orientations: Portrait Landscape These can be changed by selecting the icons below the document size COLUMNS: Number of columns sets the number of columns that each page of your document will have. GUTTER: The distance you want between each column (default is usually sufficient) MARGINS: The distance between the edge of the paper and the parameters of your document. FACING PAGES: Opens your document so that it has two pages that face each other. (this will be covered in detail in later modules) AUTOMATIC TEXT BOX: Creates a text box fills the complete area of your document inside the margins COMPONENTS OF QUARKXPRESS: Menu bars used to access program commands Pasteboard: area surrounding the printable area of the publication. This also makes it possible to create bleeds Rules: located along the horizontal top and vertical left of the document. Only visible if launched from the view dialogue box. The zero default is located in the upper left hand corner of the rulers where they meet. Titlebars, Zoom box, Close box, size box and scrollbars are located in the same area as those in all Mac software. Tool Palette: used to compose publications Page number: Indicates the page you are in MEASUREMENT PALETTE: Modify text Modify graphic elements and their parameters Conceptual in that the functions change according to the element selected DOCUMENT PAGE: The actual page being composed Text and graphics are placed within the text and picture boxes Note: Only text that is within the margins of the document layout will print Everything placed within a QuarkXPress document are constrained within a text/picture box including: Text Images Graphics Note: with the exception of text paths and lines CHANGING NUMBER OF COLUMNS WITHIN A TEXT BOX Separate function from setting columns for the document. Easily accessed through the measurements palette but you cannot control the gutter width in this location Select textbox Modify set columns and gutter widths. To have no columns, set the number of columns to 1. This applies to this function as well as in the document setup. TOOLS MENUS AND PALETTES: The palettes are floating which means that they are able to be moved anywhere on the screen and are not attached to any one particular place If the toolbar is not available go Views-show toolbar or use the shortcut F8 To close the toolbox go View- hide toolbar or F8 Tools with small black arrows after the icon indicate more tools. Whatever tool was last selected will be the one that remains in the toolbox ITEM AND CONTENT TOOLS: ITEM TOOL: The 4 headed arrow. Used to Move, group, ungroup cut and copy When selected you cannot import text even if the textbox is selected. Is used when importing images CONTENT TOOL: Used to edit the contents of an item. Used to enter or importing text, scale and rotate items. Must be selected in order to import text. OTHER TOOLS: ROTATION TOOL: allows you to rotate object freely ZOOM: changes the magnification of a page TEXTBOX TOOLS: offer a variety of tools for text DEMO: various tools in textbox including bezier curves PICTUREBOX TOOLS: DEMO: various tools in picturebox including bezier curves. LINE TOOLS: DEMO: types of lines and bezier drawing tools note: use illustrator to create drawings TEXT ON PATH TOOLS: DEMO how text will follow any path created by a shape LINKING TOOL: Links text so it flows from one text box to another or from one document page to another UNLINKING TOOL: Breaks the link between texts. MENU BARS: FILE: create, open, save, close and print options EDIT: cut, copy, paste, undo, set preferences, find and change Note: mention how putting two blank spaces in the find box and putting one single space in the replace box will fix any double spaces you may have made STYLES: format text When used with graphics allows you to change Colour, shade, contrast, halftone characteristics and flip horizontally or vertically. ITEM: Move, change the background colour of a box, align elements of a page, duplicate an element an repeat it any number of times at a specified distance from the original, group items, merge and split items. PAGE: used to add/delete or move pages within our document, control page numbering. Note: more efficient to use the document palette for most of these functions. VIEW: controls what you see on your screen UTILITIES: manage images, fonts, kerning, tracking, hyphenation and spelling. Note: as beginners we will be more concerned with spell check, checking font and picture usage. WINDOWS: enables you to manage windows when there is more than one open OTHER PALETTES: MEASUREMENTS COLOURS DOCUMENT LAYOUT STYLE SHEETS MEASUREMENT PALETTE: Essential to the efficient use of QuarkXPress. Should always be available. 1st three elements displays specifications regarding the location of your item EXPLORE MEASUREMENTS PALETTE: VIEW SHOW MEASUREMENTS DEMO: Text box Picture box Line Bezier curves DOCUMENT LAYOUT: VIEW SHOW DOCUMENT LAYOUT Add/delete pages Sort/reorder pages Create layout designs from Master Pages Move among pages Pages can be single spaced or facing pages. Master pages is where you place anything that you want to have repeated on every page such as column sizes, headers, footers etc. Pages are set in the File Document setup dialogue box. KNOW HOW TO: Single pages Facing pages Adding pages Deleting pages Go to feature to move to other pages COLOUR PALETTE: VIEW SHOW COLOURS Frame Line Text box Text Colours in use Bringing in Pantone colours GRIDS, MARGINS AND RULERS; Three types of guides: Margin, ruler and baseline grid lines MARGIN GUIDES: Automatically inserted in document according to document setup Column Grid: A type of margin guide which shows both the column widths and gutter widths between columns on each page. Margin guides cannot be moved RULER GUIDES: Dragged from the ruler both horizontally and vertically by clicking within the ruler and dragging onto the working area Are movable or can be locked Are deleted by dragging guide back into the ruler space or OPT clicking within the horizontal or vertical ruler to delete all guides going in that direction respectively. BASELINE GRID GUIDES: Aligns text across columns or boxes. Test baseline specifications are set in Edit-Preferences-Document Select paragraph tab Usually best to equal to the leading of the body copy or any evenly divisible portion of it so that the baseline of the text wont vary throughout the document. VIEW GUIDES: View show guides Margins are set in the document setup. The number of columns for each page is set there as well as is the gutter width (distance between columns). Ruler guides can only be created by pulling them from the ruler. Note: when working on a page the guides are only used on that page and wont be reflected on subsequent pages. However, if youre working on a facing page and you drag the ruler from the pasteboard area between or around the pages, the ruler will extend both pages. CHANGING GUIDE COLOURS Changed in the Edit preferences dialogue box SNAP TO GUIDE: Forces objects to snap the pre-set grid. Default is set to 6pts. Meaning that when an object comes to within 6pts. Of a grid it automatically snaps to it. 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